ive utterance as there are cases, all of which forms, however, divide themselves into a

from carelessness

are of distinct

sical deformity in the or

of by the laymen as a "speech impediment" or "a stoppage in speech" notwithstanding the fact th

ability to release

several times before the following

e an incorrect sound for the

t enunciation of sounds and syllables due to some org

common forms of speech impediment-lisping, cluttering and hesitation, as well as stuttering and stammering-will be discussed in t

SP

one which manifests itself early in the life of

ligent

urotic

ganic

onunciation in Negligent Lisping is caused either by a FAILURE or an INABILITY to observe others who speak correctly. We learn to speak by imitation, and failing to observe the correct method of speaking in others, we naturally

ip, malformation of the tongue, defective teeth, overshot or undershot jaw, high palatal arch, cleft palate, def

isping is often found to be combined with stammering or stuttering, which is quite logical, since it is similar, both as to CAUSE and as to the presence of a MENTAL DIST

TTE

hers-of a word or a syllable, before the following word or syllable can be uttered. S

imple

vanced

ental

mpound

tate into a condition that may be known as Mental-Physical. The distinctly Mental Phase is marked by symptoms indicating a mental cause for the trouble, the disorder usually having pas

a condition where involuntary and spasmodic muscular contractions, especially of the face, have become an establis

, continued throughout a sentence, the syllables being equal in length and very laboriously enunciated. In spastic speech, there is present

hat the person afflicted is not conscious of his difficulty for he insists that he does not s-s-s-s-tut-tut-tut-ter.

he aphasic person is excessively nervous as is the stutterer; he undergoes the same anxiety to get his words out and the same fear of being ridiculous. In aphasia there is, however, no excessive muscular tension or cramp of the speech muscles. In these cases, the stutterer will sometimes repeat the first syllable ten or fifteen times with pauses be

wildest gesticulations in a vain attempt to finally get all of the word out, finally pacing up and down the room like one truly insane. This tendency to believe that the stutterer is insane because of

ITA

s opening and closing of the mouth. Hesitation is a stage through which the suffe

MME

stammering, there is the "sticking" as the stammerer terms it, or the inability to express a sound. The difference between stammering and stuttering lies in the fact that in stuttering, the disorder manifests itself in

t is not especially noticeable and the marked results of long-continued stammering are not ap

s about marked muscular contractions and pronounced spasmodic efforts, resulting in all so

say. In other words, the thought-stammerer, like the thought-stutterer, is unable to recall the mental images necessary to the production of a certain word

word or a sentence but also is found to repeat a sound or syllable several times before the following syllable can be uttered. Any case of stuttering or stammering